Japanese Law essays

Japanese Law essays The Japanese legal system: An overview of a Unique System According to Shinto legend two gods, Izanagi and Izanami, which were brother and sister, dipped a spear into the ocean and drops from the spear formed the island of Onokorojima. Izanagi and Izanami then fell to earth and married. Izanami then gave birth to the islands of Japan and a couple more gods. Jimmu Tenno the first emperor of Japan was given the right to rule by his grandfather, Ninigi, son of the fire God, Amaterasu. Japanese claim they can trace the imperial genealogy all the way to Jimmu Tenno and the gods. Many Americans would believe this to be nonsense or myth. This idea means as much to the Japanese who practice Shinto as the idea of Jesus Christ does too many Christians. The Japanese have a very long history and culture that coincides with that lengthy history. The mere fact that the Japanese culture and history is much different than Americans is not sufficient reason to consider them illegitimate. The legal system of Japan is also very legitimate considering the hi story of the Japanese government and its changes since the 1600s. The law in Japan completes its objective through the values that the Japanese have learned throughout their long history. Keeping this in mind, I will consider Japanese law and its history, its source of justification, governmental institutions involved, its players, and how the public perceives the law in Japan. The Japanese are very different from Americans, and many wonder why and how? Culture is the answer that is most commonly used. The legal system in Japan cannot be looked at without taking into consideration its people and culture. The Japanese have a very distinct culture. The Japanese have a group culture, and the influence of family, friends, neighbors, and fellow employees act as powerful constraints on individual behavior. This influence is a byproduct of Confucianism. Loyalty to the stat...

Learning German Adjectives and Colors

Learning German Adjectives and Colors German adjectives, like English ones, usually go in front of the noun they modify: der  gute  Mann (the good man), das  große  Haus (the big house/building), die  schà ¶ne  Dame (the pretty lady). Unlike English adjectives, a German adjective in front of a noun has to have an ending (-e  in the examples above). Just what that ending will be depends on several factors, including  gender  (der, die, das) and  case  (nominative, accusative, dative). But most of the time the ending is an -e  or an -en  (in the plural). With  ein-words, the ending varies according to the modified nouns gender (see below). Look at the following table for the adjective endings in the nominative (subject) case: With  definite article  (der, die, das) -  Nominative case Masculineder Femininedie Neuterdas Pluraldie der neu Wagenthe new car die schn Stadtthe beautiful city das alt Autothe old car die neu Bcherthe new books With  indefinite article  (eine, kein, mein) -  Nom. case Masculineein Feminineeine Neuterein Pluralkeine ein neu Wagena new car eine schn Stadta beautiful city ein alt Autoan old car keine neu Bcherno new books Note that with  ein-words, since the article may not tell us the gender of the following noun, the adjective ending often does this instead (-es  Ã‚  das, -er  Ã‚  der; see above). As in English, a German adjective can also come  after  the verb (predicate adjective): Das Haus ist groß. (The house is large.) In such cases, the adjective will have NO ending. Farben (Colors) The German words for colors  usually function as adjectives and take the normal adjective endings (but see exceptions below). In certain situations, colors can also be nouns and are thus capitalized: eine Bluse in  Blau (a blouse in blue); das Blaue  vom Himmel versprechen (to promise heaven and earth, lit., the blue of the heavens). The chart below shows some of the more common colors with sample phrases.  Youll learn that the colors in feeling blue or seeing red may not mean the same thing in German. A black eye in German is blau (blue). Farbe Color Color Phrases with Adjective Endings rot red der rote Wagen (the red car), der Wagen ist rot rosa pink die rosa Rosen (the pink roses)* blau blue ein blaues Auge (a black eye), er ist blau (hes drunk) hell-blau lightblue die hellblaue Bluse (the light blue blouse)** dunkel-blau darkblue die dunkelblaue Bluse (the dark blue blouse) grn green der grne Hut (the green hat) gelb yellow die gelben Seiten (yellow pages), ein gelbes Auto wei white das weie Papier (the white paper) schwarz black der schwarze Koffer (the black suitcase) *Colors ending in -a  (lila, rosa) do not take the normal adjective endings.  Ã‚   **Light or dark colors are preceded by  hell- (light) or  dunkel- (dark), as in  hellgrà ¼n  (light green) or  dunkelgrà ¼n  (dark green).

18th and 19th Amendments Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

18th and 19th Amendments - Research Paper Example This paper tells that both the 18th and 19th amendments to the American Constitution and their implementation history show such a complex path of rising and fall. The 18th amendment, that came into effect between 1920 and 1933, prohibited manufacture, selling and transportation of alcohol in the country. The 19th amendment was ratified in 1920, which made constitutional the right of every citizen to cast vote in elections without being discriminated on the basis of race or gender. The alcohol prohibition amendment had to be later repealed as there was â€Å"widespread abuses of†¦(the)†¦ law†. But the 19th amendment stood the test of time and despite the attempts to legally contest it, the amendment was endorsed by Supreme Court as part of the Constitution. The 18th amendment had become a historical necessity because of the poverty and economic backwardness that grew in the society, as associated with drinking. In the first century and half of the colonial rule in Ame rica, drinking was considered quite a normal entertainment activity. Though drunkenness was considered as a vice, the blame always went to the drinker, not to those who manufactured or sold alcohol. But slowly, people came to understand the real nature of alcohol that is addictive and unhealthy. Thus alcohol came to be identified with poverty, breakage of peace in the family and also in the social fabric as well. The late 1800s and early 1900s saw the formation of temperance societies which campaigned against alcoholism. Though by 1916, 23 states enacted prohibition laws, it was the 18th amendment, passed in 1920, that applied prohibition to the whole of the nation. The major drawback of this legislation which eventually led to its repeal (owing to being ineffective), was that it only prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor, while possession, consumption or home production were not banned. The amendment had given a one year relaxation period to clear the exist ing stocks but this omission further weakened the legislation.

Business Letter and inforaml report Research Proposal

Business Letter and inforaml report - Research Proposal Example Based on the result, we are confident that the problem was not caused by mishandling of our employees. Our daily operation strictly follows Standards for Safekeeping of our stocks and Proper Handling of Customer orders, and our employees assured as of 100% loyalty and sincerity of service. In connection with this matter, I would like to request your good office to look towards this problem, and could you please give us an assurance that the customers will keep the new cookware on that basis instead of returning it for a credit or a refund. Please give us some feedbacks regarding this matter. Your cooperation will be highly appreciated. We are looking forward for more years of working with you. Please call us if you need our help in any way. Yours sincerely, Tammy Martin President - Martin's Department Store Purpose of the Study Re-establish the competitive edge of Phoenix Advertising Agency - Roanoke Branch in Virginia. I. Introduction A. Brief Presentation of the Roanoke's Background B. Presentation of the Objectives C. Presentation of the Problems II. Research Proper The Study will focus on the 5 important factors stated below: A. Conduct Research on Working Force a.1 Are the existing supervisory staff able to perform their duties well a.2. Study on interaction between each staff from executive level down to the lowest level a.2.1 Interaction between department heads and subordinates. a.2.2 Review on each employees work description and job functions. a.2.3 Evaluate each employees productivity ratings. a.3. Provision on Salaries and Wages of the employees. B. Review of Roanoke's Financial Statements b.1 Review of all Expenses Report b.2 Review of Profit Report b.3 Review on Budget Allocation Report C. Staff Training c.1 Conduct study for trainings required by each employee to carry out their task successfully c.2 Review for budget allocation on Staff Training Expenses D. The Company and the People around it d.1 Conduct research of problems arising from the neighboring community d.2 Conduct research on how to maintain the loyalty of clients d.3 Conduct study on the company's competitors background and behavior. E. Facilities Upgrade f.1 Conduct research for new technologies that could be used for the company's ongoing operation. III. Discussion A. Review of related literatures B. Presentation of Critical Analysis of the 5 important factors needed for the company's survival. IV. Proposals and Recommendations A. Presentations of proposals and recommendations B. Presentation of the advantages and disadvantages that the new recommendations could provide V. Conclusion Presentation of the

Crime is Predominantly an Intra-Racial Event Essay Example for Free

Crime is Predominantly an Intra-Racial Event Essay Introduction: Society has this perception that it is other races why crime occurs. Some people blame these crimes on black-on-black crimes, or Hispanics-on-Hispanics crimes. Being that crime seems to be predominantly an intra-racial event involving victims and offenders of the same race; will this type of destruction ever come to an end? While interviewing two of my co-workers while we were on break in between our runs, it was very interesting to learn of their intakes on this particular topic. The first co-worker I talked to is Hispanic. His name is Steven. Steven agrees that crime in a way is predominantly an intra-racial event, involving victims and offenders of the same race. Steven relates Hispanic-on-Hispanic intra-racial crime because of economic gaps in society. Steven feels that Hispanics are always given such a hard time when it comes to getting jobs. Hispanics are always first asked if they have a green card and can they legally work here in the United States. Steven says this comes from his own experience in trying to get a job as a mechanic. He felt very offended because of the stereotypes that society put on people of his origin. Steven says that he may be Hispanic but he was born and raised here in the United States. His parents were in the military, where they were stationed in San Antonio, Texas. His parents are from San Juan, Puerto Rico. Steven feels that this intra-racial crime comes from Hispanics having a lack of work and education to support their families. Steven has witnessed his own people killing one another over fearing being deported back to their country. Hispanics cross the border so that they can raise their families in a better environment with better opportunities. The second co-worker I talked to is African-American. His name is Chuck.  Chuck’s outlook on intra-racial crime is very similar to Steven’s outlook. Chuck feels that intra-racial crimes are a choice. Chuck grew up watching black-on black crimes like gangs killing other gangs because of crossing into their territory. Chuck says that society plays a big part in why blacks act the way that they do. He believes that society puts out negative stereotypes about blacks and people run with it. Chuck says black-on-black crime comes from a number of things like kids killing kids with illegal guns found in their houses, drug deals gone bad, young black men fighting in the clubs over females or fighting in the streets over a senseless argument. Crime Is Predominantly an Intra-Racial Event 2 Both Steven and Chuck agree that no matter what the situation may be, these unfortunate intra-racial crimes should not even occur. They both feel that people need to get a better education and obtain some type of work skill which is positive. Conclusion Intra-racial crimes leave families in disarray. Black-on-black crimes can be avoided if they are yes, re-educated and taught a trade to learn a meaningful skill. These crimes can be cut down tremendously and the African-American race can begin rebuilding. Hispanic-on-Hispanic crimes could also be cut in half if those who are here in the United States legally or who have their green cards, could go to school and get and education and earn a degree to help better them. Hispanics could also go to a trading school and get the skills that they need to find decent work. This way, Hispanics do not have to be paid under the table and they can earn a decent paycheck to help in supporting their families. The victims in these intra-racial crimes are the ones who have been hurt and families destroyed. The offenders in these intra-racial crimes just make excuses why they did as they feel that they had to do. Many offenders have no remorse for their actions and to them, it is everyone else’s fault but their own.

Marketing Essay -- Technology, Online Transactions

Therefore, understanding of how consumers leverage the features of the internet to make purchasing decisions in the e-commerce surroundings would help managers to develop suitable marketing strategies (Wu and Lin, 2006). (Peter Drucker, 1999) wrote: â€Å"in the psychological natural features of e-commerce, remoteness has been removing. Ever business must be internationally competitive. The rivalry is not local anymore.† tactical assessment will result in to the best reward, while make an investment in online marketing (Scanlon, 2009).Consumers can evaluate competing goods and services with minimum expenses of personnel time or effort, which results in competitive business markets and lower brand loyalty (Srinivasan, 2002). Thus, my study will be determined to realize the causes of loyalty on the online shopping environment. Communication with customers through the business order to made scheduling and maintaining can be costly and time consuming. For example this kind of communication channels can be familiar for collecting customer feedback significantly. Besides, it can evaluate customer satisfaction, either they are contented or not. (Khanh V.la and J.kandumpally, 2002). Consumer-created information has become a rather significant influence on consumer behaviour such as decision making. Online consumer’s reviews are part of consumer-created information by web site users who have by now bought the target product (Park, 2007). 1.6. Objective of study The major aim of my final project is to assess considerably the influence of internet marketing on computer industry in increasing consumer experience. My research objectives are some to propose factors which have essential effects on various criteria including service quality, produc... ...cus of this research will be on the marketing communication efforts to bring new customers to company’s B2C website. And, online marketing communication tools will be limited to the six tools listed by Chaffey (2009): Search Engine Marketing, Online PR, Online Partnerships, Interactive Ads, Opt in e-mail and Viral Marketing. Our research revolves around the internet as a communication channel from companies to visitors and potential customers. From a company‟s point of view, the internet is used as marketing channel and companies expect to get return form their e-efforts, but there is little research that takes the customer‟s point of view. Starting from Danaher and Rossiter (2011), who have formulated attributes that describe and compare different communication channel, this research tries to describe the internet marketing tools from a customer point of view.

Jones Blair Case Study Essay

Jones †¢ Blair is a company that produces and sells architectural paint it also sell paint sundries which include paintbrushes and rollers. It caters to over 50 countries which are divided into two sectors the DFW area and the non-DFW area. Of the two the DFW area has been proven to be the most successful area for the company. In 1999 the company made 80 million in sales and 60% of this was contributed by the DFW area. There are two segments within the company’s main sales attributes and these are between the do it yourself market and the professional market. With regards to the professional market in the DFW area this accounted for 70% of sales In the non-DFW area 70% of sales were made through the do-it-yourself market. During a meeting the company discussed the problem of where and how to carry out marketing efforts. They were left with four options: 1) Cut the price by 20%. 2) Hire one additional sales rep. 3) Spend additional $350,000 on advertising. 4) Stay the same. A detailed look into each option. 1) Cut the price by 20%. The shopper research programme indicated that dealers will back off the brand when the customer appears price sensitive. By cutting the price by 20% this will allow the company to be on par with national brands. The current contribution margin for the company is 35% if the price was to be cut by 20% then the new contribution margin would be reduced to: 35% – 20% = 15% with the current sale volume being $12 million and a price cut of 20% the sales would have to increase significantly for the price cut to be effective. According to Barrett â€Å"we are now the highest price paint in our service area† the fact that the company still has increasing sales despite being the highest cost brand of all the competitors this shows that the company is being perceived as giving high quality goods where people don’t mind about paying extra for their brand. If the company was to cut the price by 20% this may leave doubts in peoples minds about whether or not the brand is actually as high quality as they had thought. The fact that they can get away with charging a higher price for their brand they should stick with it. 2) Hire one additional sales rep. Currently the company has 8 sales reps which are responsible for the following tasks: Monitoring inventories. Taking orders. Assisting in store display. Coordinating cooperative advertising programmes. A survey indicated that the sales reps were very well liked, helpful, professional and knowledgeable with regards to paint. These reps are paid a salary and also a 1% commission. The cost of hiring an additional sales rep would be $60,000 a year, this is excluding commission. The vice president feels that the current sales reps aren’t aggressive enough and the fact that only 5 new accounts were made in the last 5 years something needs to be done. Only 16% of the accounts come from the non-DFW area so maybe a focus needs to be placed onto this area. If this was to be done, an additional sales rep be assigned to the non-DFW area this could lead to a significant increase in sales. 3) Spend additional $350,000 on advertising. The vice president of advertising believes that there is a need for an awareness level of 30% among do-it-yourselfers to affect their sales. An emphasis on television coverage will reach non-DFW consumers in 15 countries. Research shows that ads affect the buying process Since most consumers consider the store before the actual brand maybe the advertising should be focused more-so on corporate ads rather than brand ads. The company spends 3% of its net sales on advertising therefore the current cost of advertising is: 3% of 12 million = 360000 with an additional spend of $350000 on advertising the total cost of advertising would be: 360000+ 350000= $710,000. This would almost double the cost of advertising and since there’s an emphasis on television this could prove to be a risky option, especially since brand awareness isn’t the main attribution to buyer behaviour. Another factor to consider is the fact that 75% of the audience of the advert aren’t buying paint. 4) Stay the same. The final option for the company would be to keep everything the same which is advised by the vice president of finance. Since the company is continuing to make profit he feels that if you were to take the other options that there would have to be a significant increase in the sales volume which may not be a result. Although most of the options offer different benefits and of course different drawbacks we don’t think there is an outright option to choose. With regards to the cut in price of 20% we don’t believe this option should be chosen. The fact that the company is allowed to charge the higher price and is perceived as being a high quality brand why should they risk losing all of this by accepting the price cut. The next option with regards to hiring an additional sales rep we feel that the fact that they have 8 sales reps already would the addition of another really make a significant impact on sales. Rather than focusing on hiring a new one we believe that if they focused more-so and possibly retraining their current sales reps this could prove to be more effective. The fact that the sales reps are already considered highly by the customers is a bonus. If more effort was put into them and how they could improve efficiency then this could be worthwhile to the company. The company could divide up the sales reps into the necessary markets and possibly by offering them incentives this could increase their performance. By hiring an additional sales rep doesn’t necessarily promise a change in sales. With regards to an increase of advertising spending of $350,000 we wouldn’t recommend this option. As the company wants to put an emphasis on television and the fact that 75% of the audience don’t buy paint, the 25% of the audience that do doesn’t seem like a big enough market coverage to invest such a lot of money into. Instead we feel they should look into other marketing options. The fact that with regards to buyer behaviour that customers choose the store first before the brand maybe the company should look into advertising within the actual stores. They could look into what stores are proven to be more popular and focus advertising attention on these. With the last option as staying the same although the company is continuing to make profits we feel like this could be the easy option. Rather than just being content with what is currently happening with the business they should focus on improving the business. The fact is that more and more competitors may enter the market or even people may change their buying behaviour but ultimately the company should try and always be a brand considered.

Effects of premarital sex and early sexual relationships on teeenagers Essay

The present day unipolar system has left USA as the only super power capable of conducting or organizing political military action anywhere in the world.. However, hegemony is present in a system where there is a unipolar structure of influence to match the unipolar structure capabilities for example in the 1990s the United Nations was gradually displaced from its primary responsibility for maintaining peace and security in favour of a revitalized NATO which provided the multilateral cover for US military action in the Balkans. In the war aganst Iraq, the process was taken a step further as NATO was itself sidelined in favour of a coalition of the willing(Bull,2000;23). Politically, because all states recognize that it is in their overriding self-interest to maximize their power, that’s what Waltz says they do. To do anything else is crazy because a state without enough power is a vulnerable state. And, anyway, it is too scary for states not to try to maximize their power. For instance as China continues to expand its military spending $91.  5 billion in 2011,this only represents about one seventh of the total US defense budget(estimated to reach $663. 8 bilion by the end of the year)according to China: USA FOCUS a non profit organization based in Hong-Kong. Hence this is what Waltz calls the â€Å"security dilemma( waltz,1979:123). † He argues that when one state sees another state trying to increase its power to increase its security, it gets scared, feelsthreatened, and recognizes that it too must increase its power. But, of course, thatscares the other states, and basically there is this mad spiral in which all states are T rying to have more power than all other states. According to Waltz, this competition for power among states is not always as dangerous as it at first sounds. In the international system, every state is sovereign and this implies that sovereign states are not answerable to any higher power. When one sovereign state intervenes in another sovereign state monitoring the domestic affairs of that certain country, it shows the aspect of political hegemony. One good example is that of America which has been intervening in various sovereign states under the disguise of protecting human rights. In doing so it seems like America is becoming a police man of the world. A realist scholar Hobbes (1952) postulates that the powerful will always do what they want and the weak will always comply. In other respects politics and economy are said to have existed in two separate spheres and are not logically connected to one another. In the option of the Marxist and leftists writers on one hand politics and economics are intimately linked. The insatiable desire of capitalists for continuous accumulation has been the force behind the political endeavors in every capital economy state. According to the theory of hegemonic stability, as I am using it in this article, the creation and maintenance of an open and liberal world economy such as the one that has characterized most of the world economy since the end of World War II requires a powerful leader. This leader uses its power and influence to promote trade liberalisation and a stable international monetary system primarily in order to advance its own political and economic interests. The leader, however, can seldom coerce reluctant states to obey the rules of a liberal international economic order and must seek their co-operation. These other states co-operate with the hegemony because it is in their own economic and security interests to do so. For example, although the American hegemony played a crucial role in establishing and managing the world economy following World War 2, it did so with the strong co-operation of its Cold War. Coercion involves the study of threats and demands that encourage the adversary to either reverse its action or stop what it has been doing. Unlike Deterrence, which stresses the prevention of an attack or the use of threats by state A to dissuade its enemy, state B, from attacking, coercion consists of the use of threats by state A, or the coercer (e. g. state hegemony, NATO, UN), to reverse a n act of aggression by state B. To coerce a state, then, means to employ a range of diplomatic and military options. These may include economic/trade sanctions, blockades, embargoes, and precision air-strikes. The threat of exercising these options serves as either an inducement to the transgressor state to stop what it is doing, or as punishment for not taking the steps to comply with the coercer’s demands. Such options, therefore, reflect the costs and benefits of calculated threats, and are often referred to as ex ante demands. The ex ante mix of punishment and inducements, in this case, can either take the form of a carrot/stick or use for that approach.

Habits and Traits of the Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis

Habits and Traits of the Asian Longhorned Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis A recent immigrant to the United States, the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB) made its presence known quickly. Accidental introductions, probably in wooden packing crates from China, led to infestations in New York and Chicago in the 1990s. Thousands of trees were chipped and burned to prevent its spread. More recently, Anoplophora glabripennis appeared in New Jersey and Toronto, Canada. What makes this beetle so dangerous to our trees? All four stages of the life cycle damage the host trees. Description: The Asian Longhorned Beetle belongs to the family of wood boring beetles, Cerambycidae. Adult beetles measure 1-1 ½ inches in length. Their shiny black bodies have white spots or markings, and the long antennae have alternating black and white stripes. The Asian longhorned beetle may be mistaken for two species native to the U.S., the cottonwood borer and the whitespotted sawyer. All other stages of the life cycle occur within the host tree, so its not likely you will see them. The female chews away a small amount of bark and lays white, oval eggs singly within the tree. Larvae, which are also white and resemble small grubs, chew their way through the vascular tissue of the tree and move into the wood. Pupation happens within the tunnels the larvae create in the wood. The newly emerged adult chews its way out of the tree. Usually, identification of this pest is made by observing damage to the host trees, and then finding an adult beetle to confirm the suspected infestation. When the female oviposits, it causes the sap to weep. When a tree has multiple wounds with dripping sap, wood borers may be suspected. As the adults chew their way out of the tree, they push large amounts of sawdust from their exit holes. This accumulated sawdust, usually around the base of the tree or piled in the crotch of branches, is another sign of the Asian longhorned beetle. The adult beetle emerges from an oval exit hole about the size of a pencil eraser. Classification: Kingdom - AnimaliaPhylum - ArthropodaClass - InsectaOrder - ColeopteraFamily - CerambycidaeGenus - AnoplophoraSpecies - A. glabripennis Diet: Asian longhorned beetles feed on wood of many common hardwood species: birches, common horsechestnuts, elms, hackberries, London planes, maples, mountain ashes, poplars, aspens, and willows. They show a particular preference for maples. Larvae feed on the phloem tissue and wood; adults feed on bark during their mating and egg-laying period. Life Cycle: Asian longhorned beetles undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg - Eggs are laid singly within the host trees bark, and hatch in 1-2 weeks.Larva  - Newly hatched larvae tunnel into the vascular tissue of the tree. As they mature, larvae migrate into the wood, causing extensive damage. Larvae may reach 5 cm in length when fully grown, feeding for at least 3 months.Pupa - At maturity, the larvae move near the surface of the tree (under the bark) to pupate. Adults emerge in about 18 days.Adult - The adult beetles actively mate and lay eggs throughout the summer and fall. Special Adaptations and Defenses: Asian longhorned beetle larvae and adults chew wood with large mandibles. Adults, especially males, display long antennae used to sense the sex pheromones of potential mates. Habitat: Areas where host trees are available, particularly where maples, elms, and ash are in abundance. In the U.S. and Canada, known Asian longhorned beetle infestations have occurred in urban areas. Range: The Asian longhorned beetles native range includes China and Korea. Accidental introductions expanded the range to include the United States, Canada, and Austria, hopefully temporarily. The introduced populations are believed to be under control. Other Common Names: Starry sky beetle, Asian cerambycid beetle Sources: Asian Longhorned Beetle, Canadian Forest ServiceAsian Longhorned Beetle, University of Vermont Entomology Researh Laboratory

Queen Victorias Children and Grandchildren

Queen Victorias Children and Grandchildren Queen Victoria and her first cousin Prince Albert, who married on February 10, 1840, had nine children. The marriage of the children of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert  into other royal families, and the likelihood that some of her children bore a mutant gene for hemophilia affected European history. In the following lists, the numbered persons are children of Victoria and Albert, with notes on who they married, and below them are the next generation, Victoria, and Alberts grandchildren. Children of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert Victoria Adelaide Mary, Princess Royal (November 21, 1840 - August 5, 1901)  married Frederick III of Germany (1831 - 1888)Kaiser Wilhelm II, German Emperor (1859 - 1941, emperor 1888 - 1919), married Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein and Hermine Reuss of GreizDuchess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen (1860 - 1919), married Bernhard III, Duke of Saxe-MeinengenPrince Henry of Prussia (1862 - 1929), married Princess Irene of Hesse and by the RhinePrince Sigismund of Prussia (1864 - 1866)Princess Victoria of Prussia (1866 - 1929), married Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe and Alexander ZoubkoffPrince Waldemar of Prussia (1868 - 1879)Sophie of Prussia, Queen of Greece (1870 - 1932), married Constantine I of GreecePrincess Margarete of Hesse (1872 - 1954), married Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse-KasselAlbert Edward, King of England as Edward VII (November 9, 1841 - May 6, 1910)  married Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844 - 1925)Duke Albert Victor Christian (1864 - 1892), engaged to M ary of Teck (1867 - 1953)King George V (1910 - 1936), married Mary of Teck (1867 - 1953)Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar, Princess Royal (1867 - 1931), married Alexander Duff, Duke of FifePrincess Victoria Alexandra Olga (1868 - 1935)Princess Maud Charlotte Mary (1869 - 1938), married Haakon VII of NorwayPrince Alexander John of Wales (John) (1871 - 1871) Alice Maud Mary (April 25, 1843 - December 14, 1878)  married Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (1837 - 1892)Princess Victoria Alberta of Hesse (1863 - 1950), married Prince Louis of BattenbergElizabeth, Grand Duchess of Russia (1864 - 1918), married Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of RussiaPrincess Irene of Hesse (1866 - 1953), married Prince Heinrich of PrussiaErnest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (1868 - 1937), married Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (his cousin, a daughter of Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, a son of Victoria and Albert), Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich   (married 1894, divorce 1901)Frederick (Prince Friedrich) (1870 - 1873)Alexandra, Tsarina of Russia (Alix of Hesse) (1872 - 1918), married Nicholas II of RussiaMary (Princess Marie) (1874 - 1878)Alfred Ernest Albert, Duke of Edinburgh and of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (August 6, 1844 - 1900)  married Marie Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess, Russia (1853 - 1920)Prince Alfred (1874 - 1899)Ma rie of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Queen of Romania (1875 - 1938), married Ferdinand of RomaniaVictoria Melita of Edinburgh, Grand Duchess (1876 - 1936), married first (1894 - 1901) Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (her cousin, a son of Princess Alice Maud Mary of the United Kingdom, a daughter of Victoria and Albert), married second (1905)  Kirill Vladimirovich, Grand Duke of Russia (her first cousin, and a first cousin of both Nicholas II and his wife, who was also the sister of Victoria Melitas first husband)Princess Alexandra (1878 - 1942), married Ernst II, Prince of Hohenlohe-LangenburgPrincess Beatrice (1884 - 1966), married Infante Alfonso de Orleans y Borbà ³n, Duke of Galliera Helena Augusta Victoria (May 25, 1846 - June 9, 1923)  married Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein (1831 - 1917)Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein (1867 - 1900)Prince Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (1869 - 1931), never married but fathered a daughterPrincess Helena Victoria (1870 - 1948)Princess Maria Louise (1872 - 1956), married Prince Aribert of AnhallFrederick Harold (1876 - 1876)stillborn son (1877)Louise Caroline Alberta (March 18, 1848 - December 3, 1939)  married John Campbell, Duke of Argyll, Marquis of Lorne (1845 - 1914)Arthur William Patrick, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (May 1, 1850 - January 16, 1942)  married Duchess Louise Margaret of Prussia (1860 - 1917)Princess Margaret of Connaught, Crown Princess of Sweden (1882 - 1920), married Gustaf Adolf, Crown Prince of SwedenPrince Arthur of Connaught and Strathearn (1883 - 1938), married Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife (herself a daughter of Princess Louise, granddaughter of Edward VII and g reat-granddaughter of Victoria and Albert)Princess Patricia of Connaught, Lady Patricia Ramsay (1885 - 1974), married Sir Alexander Ramsay Leopold George Duncan, Duke of Albany (April 7, 1853 - March 28, 1884)  married Princess Helena Frederica of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1861 - 1922)Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (1883 - 1981), married Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone (she was the last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria)Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1884 - 1954), married Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-HosteinBeatrice Mary Victoria (April 14, 1857 - October 26, 1944)  married Prince Henry of Battenberg (1858 - 1896)Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke (formerly Prince Alexander of Battenburg) (1886 - 1960), married Lady Iris MountbattenVictoria Eugenie, Queen of Spain (1887 - 1969), married Alfonso XIII of SpainLord Leopold Mountbatten (formerly Prince Leopold of Battenberg) (1889 - 1922)Prince Maurice of Battenburg (1891 - 1914) Queen Victoria was an ancestor of later British rulers including her descendant Queen Elizabeth II. She was also an ancestor of Elizabeth IIs husband Prince Philip.

Evaluation of Relative imprtance of Democracy Promotion,Power Essay

Evaluation of Relative imprtance of Democracy Promotion,Power Politics,and Oil in determining the U.S foreign policy towards Iraq,Saudi Arabia,and kuwait after - Essay Example p regimes , and , above all, it could not allow a religious wave of anti-American/Western sentiment to sweep through the Middle East and negatively affects American strategic interests in the region(Talbott and Chanda,2001;Chomsky,2002;Wolin,2002). 9/11 imposed the necessity of the United States to revise, and possibly completely redesign its foreign policy towards the Arab/Islamic world, especially towards the oil-states of the Persian Gulf. The U.S foreign policy towards the Middle East took a more dramatically aggressive turn following 9/11. Despite the absence of any connection between it and the terrorist acts of September 11th, and despite the lack of any concrete and persuasive evidence for the existing of weapons of mass destruction which threaten the United States, Iraq was invaded. The invasion of Iraq was in immediate opposition to international law, and violated the UN Charter regarding the conditions under which war may be legitimately declared (Falk, 2003; Fare, 2003; Benn, 2004).Saudi Arabia, long recognized as an invaluable ally within both the Muslim and Arab worlds and vital to the United States’ economic interests, came under severe public, and official, criticism from the United States. Not only was the acknowledged head of al-Qaeda, the world’s most wanted man, Osama bin Laden, Saudi-born but the majority of the nineteen terrorists identified as the perpetuators of 9/11 attack were Saud i citizens, but Saudi Arabia was accused of being the major financial supporter of fundamentalist groups in the Middle East like al-Qaeda and Hamas. Yet, it was Iraq, not Saudi Arabia, which the United States targeted. While the United States’ foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia did not assume an overly aggressive posturing, the facts surrounding 9/11, alongside evidence implicating wealthy Saudis in the financing of Islamic fundamentalist groups such as al-Qaeda, motivated the United States to revise its foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia. Even as it

Petrochemical Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Petrochemical Industry - Research Paper Example In cases of tragedy, it is critical that the reaction is at the quickest time possible. The management and all the employees in the petrochemical plant need to be educated on the risks and hazards they are likely to be at risk to at the plant. Through this at there shall be the minimum likelihood of any kind of accidents occurring at the plant. Although hazards related to flammable gases and toxic gases are common knowledge to personnel who operate in the petrochemical industry, continuous training and refreshment of knowledge on the matter are important in order to avoid any kinds of incidents that may come about as a result.The management should ascertain that all the employees are trained on the risks they are exposed to and ways of responding to them in case of an emergency. All the personnel at all the organizational level should be keenly involved in the detection of any hazards and risks at the plant.The employees should be informed of the risks that they are exposed to while working at the petrochemical plants. Inhaling the toxic gases emitted at the plant on a daily basis exposes an individual to critical diseases. Before one decides to work at the plant, they should make an informed decision on the future implications. Gaseous toxic substances are normally very dangerous because they are invisible and hence hard to detect. Install flammable gas detection system scan at the petrochemical firm as a way of providing a warning to flammable risks before the gas even reaches its flammable level.