Structural Performance Of Lightweight Concrete

Structural Performance Of Lightweight Concrete The Romans reportedly first used lightweight concrete during the eighteenth centuries. The application on the The Pantheon where it uses pumice aggregate in the construction of cast in-situ concrete, according to Hjh Kamsiah Mohd Ismail, Mohamad Shazli Fathi and Norpadzlihatun bte Manaf (2003), all with the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository, confirms the Romans use of lightweight concrete. In the journal article, Study of lightweight concrete behavior, Ismail, Fathi and Manaf recount that during the late nineteenth century, American and English builders used clinker, a form of lightweight concrete in their construction projects like the British Museum as well as in low cost housing. DAnnunzio (2003) reports: Lightweight concrete can achieve similar strengths as standard concrete, and it produces a more efficient strength-to-weight ratio in structural elements (p. 2). During the research paper which investigates the structural performance of lightweight concrete, the author asserts: When the builder or developer uses lightweight concrete, then à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ completing hypothesisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the rest is just to show progressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. DAnnunzio (2003), reports the use of lightweight concrete as a roof decking and insulation system has expanded in the past five years. Increased usage can be attributed to the recent industry-wide insulation shortages and delamination deficiencies (p. 1). The increase can also be attributed to the economic and environmental advantages that lightweight insulating concrete (LWIC) provides in roof assemblies. Lightweight insulating concrete (LWIC) provides The reported recent industry-wide insulation shortages and delamination deficiencies. The increase can also be attributed to the economic and environmental advantages that in roof assemblies. lightweight concrete as a roof decking and insulation system has expanded in the past five years. Increased usage can be attributed to The lightweight concrete was also used in construction during the First World War. The United States used mainly for shipbuilding and concrete blocks. The foamed blast furnace-slag and pumice aggregate for block making were introduced in England and Sweden around 1930s. Nowadays with the advancement of technology, lightweight concrete expands its uses. For example, in the form of perlite with its outstanding insulating characteristics. It is widely used as loose-fill insulation in masonry construction where it enhances fire ratings, reduces noise transmission, does not rot and termite resistant. It is also used for vessels, roof decks and other applications. Figure 5 shows some examples of lightweight concrete used in different forms. Lightweight insulating concrete (LWIC) provides The reported recent industry-wide insulation shortages and delamination deficiencies. The increase can also be attributed to the economic and environmental advantages that in roof assemblies. lightweight concrete as a roof decking and insulation system has expanded in the past five years. Increased usage can be attributed to Lightweight concrete can achieve similar strengths as standard concrete, and it produces a more efficient strength-to-weight ratio in structural elements DAnnunzio (2007, p. 2). John A. DAnnunzio (2003), president of IRT Inc., asserts in the article, New Lightweight Concrete Technology, as with all site installed materials, the quality of the finished product is based on the skill level of the applicator. Structural lightweight concrete, made with accumulation of lightweitght concrete aggregate, has been used in the United States for approximately 50 years. The article, Concrete in practice, what, why and how?, (2003) explains structural lightweight concrete has an in-place density (unit weight) on the order of 90 to 115lb/ft3 (1440 to 1840 kg/m3) compared to normal weight concrete with a density in the range of 140 lb to 150lb/ft3 (2240 to 2400kg/m3) (p. 1). Lightweight aggregates, such as clay, shale or slate materials, are typically used to make structural lightweight concrete. These lightweight aggregates are fired in a rotary kiln to cause this type concrete to have a porous structure. Air-cooled blast furnace slag may also be used to create lightweight concrete aggregates. There are other classes of non-structural lightweight concretes with lower density made with other aggregate materials and higher air voids in the cement paste matrix, such as in cellular concrete (Concrete in practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 2003, p. 1). This type of concrete is typically used for insulation properties only. Lightweight concrete may be produced by injecting air in to the composition, by leaving out the finer sizes of the aggregate or by replacing the aggregate with hollow or porous aggregate. Hjh Kamsiah Mohd Ismail, Mohamad Shazli Fathi and Norpadzlihatun bte Manaf (2003), all with the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Institutional Repository, purport in the journal article, Study of lightweight concrete behavior, particularly, lightweight concrete can be categorized into three groups: No-fines concrete Lightweight aggregate concrete Aerated/Foamed concrete (p. 5). No-fines concrete may be defined as lightweigh concrete that is created by combining cement and fine aggregate. This type of concrete has evenly spaced holes throughout it. Strucural lightweight concrete is mainly used to minimize the dead load of a structure that is made out of concrete. This allows the designer to decrease the size of columns and footings, or other load bearing essential features. Structural lightweight concrete mixtures can be designed to achieve similar strengths as normal weight concrete. The same is true for other mechanical and durability performance requirements (Concrete in practiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, 2003, p. 1). Strucutral lightweight concrete also produces a better strength to weight ratio for structural materials. Although lightweight concrete is more expensive than traditional concrete, the cost is offset because of the reduced volume of lightweight concrete, allowing designers to use less, which turns out to be less cost. When builders and developers choose to use structural lightweight concrete, the construction costs are lower and the building is much more durable. The researcher will purport the: Advantages and disadvantages of lightweight concrete; High Performance Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Proper Mixing Methods Volcanic Pumice Offer Conclusions Advantages of Lightweight Concrete Two of the distincitive features of lightweight concrete are its low density and thermal conductivity. Ismail, Fathi and Manaf (2003), explain advantages are that there is a reduction of dead load, faster building rates in construction and lower haulage and handling costs. Lightweight concrete maintains its large voids and not forming laitance layers or cement films when placed on the wall (p. 1). A great example of the durability of lightweight concrete is The Pantheon in Rome, which was built over 18 centuries ago. Sructural lightweight concrete is in high demand for use in construction because of its lower density which results in designers ability to have a smaller foundation due to the use of smaller load bearing elements or cross sections. Harun Tanyildizi and Ahmet Coskun (2008), both with the Department of construction education, Firat University Elazig, Turkey, explain in the journal article, The effect of high temperature on compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of structural lightweight concrete containing fly ash, lightweight aggregates are broadly classified in to two types-natural (pumice, diatomite, volcanic cinders, etc.) and artificial (perlite, expanded shale, clay, slate, sintered PFA, etc.). Lightweight concrete can easily be produced by utilizing natural lightweight aggregate i.e., pumice or perlite aggregate ( ¶ 2). The main advantages to using structural lightweight concrete are increased strength, more flexible and less coefficient of thermal expansion. Disadvantages of Lightweight Concrete Lightweight concrete applications do have certain disadvantages and liabilities, typically having to do with the cabability of the contractor istalling it. John A. DAnnunzio (2003), president of IRT Inc., asserts in the article, New Lightweight Concrete Technology, as with all site installed materials, the quality of the finished product is based on the skill level of the applicator. Lightweight concrete has additional constraints because the success of the system is based on the proper mix ratio (p. 2). One of the major problems with lightweight concrete is if the lightweight concrete is not mixed properly, it may have empty spaces that can lead to deficient strength. The compressive strength of lightweight concrete come from a foam additive, when it is mixed correctly, this additive molds around the cement which serves as an aggregtae. If the foam additive is not properly mixed, there is a probability of foam collapse, which weakens the products compressive strength (DAnnunzio, 2003, p. 2). One of the factors that leads to lightweight concrete failing is the mixing process is typically done at a jobsite, which may lead to human errors. Concrecel USA has developed pumping equipment that percisley weighs the ingredients and accurately mixes the foam and cement, to elimante the problem of human error. Table 1 depicts the advantages and disadvantages of lightweight concrete. Table 1: Lightweight Concrete Advantages/Disadvantages(Ismail, Fathi Manaf, 2003, p. 8). Advantages of Lightweight Concrete Disadvantages of Lightweight Concrete Quick and relatively simple construction Very sensitive with water content in the mixtures Economical in terms of transportation as well as reduction in manpower Difficult to place and finish because of the porosity and angularity of the aggregate. In some mixes the cement mortar may separate the aggregate and float towards the surface. Significant reduction of overall weight in saving structural frames, footing or piles High Performance Fiber Reinforced Lightweight Concrete Typical lightweight concrete is weaker than traditional weight concrete. It is critical to improve the strength of lightweight concrete in order to promote it for use for structural applications. Bengi Arisoy, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, Turkey and Hwai-Chung Wu (2008), Advanced Infrastructure Materials Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, Milwakee, explain in the journal article, Material characteristics of high performance lightweight concrete reinforced with PVA, with a much higher ductility high performance fiber reinforced lightweight concrete (HPFRLWC) becomes superior to regular concrete because of elimination of sudden catastrophic failure of otherwise brittle concrete. Ductility results from imposed crack resistance due to bridging fibers (Theoretical background section,  ¶ 1). The researchers found that fiber reinforced lightweight concrete, when made with lightweigh ag gregates and air entraining agent, displays strain hardening by the addition of 1.5% fiber volume fraction. By adding about 10-20% fine cement substitute such as fly ash and silica fume, it improves both ductility and flexural strength. Improvement of high performance FRLWC may be summarized as follows: 50-150 times (5000-15000%) increase in flexural displacement (ductility) at ultimate load than plain lightweight concrete, 50-250% increase in ultimate flexural strength than plain lightweight concrete, 30-65% decrease in weight than normal weight concrete (Arisoy Wu, 2003, Conclusion section,  ¶ 1). Proper Mixing Methods The concrete mixture design, especially for lightweight concrete, has stressed compressive strength, and also the durability of the concrete. Chao-Lung Hwang Department of Construction Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan and Meng-Feng Hung (2005), Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan assert in the journal article, Durability design and performance of self-consolidating lightweight concrete, ACI 318 structure code stresses both the maximum w/cm ratio to highlight the usage of pozzolanic material, and the minimum 28-day compressive strength to guarantee construction safety while considering durability of normal weight concrete ( ¶ 2). If a concrete structure cracks or become porous, it is more sustable to be subjective to harsh outside elements, such as acid rain and seawater, that may lead to its deterioration and the quality of a structure. Lightweight aggregate has a porous feature, because of that its compressive strength is typically low and the capacity it has for absorpution is fairly high. Hence, it needs large amount of cement paste to achieve suitable workability and designed compressive strength. This may violate the durability requirement of normal weight concrete as mentioned ( ¶ 4). Because the porous aggregate reduces the density of the lightweight aggregate concrete (LWC) and because it fractures easily when mixed, it is critical to design the LWC with increased strength and durability. In various field conditions, lightweigh concretes, in regards to carbonation performance, have typically performed adequately. T.Y. Lo, W.C. Tang and A. Nadeem (2008), all with the Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, explain in the journal article, Comparison of carbonation of lightweight concrete with normal weight concrete at similar strength levels, some field investigations on the carbonation performance of LWC in ships and bridges at exposure age from 15 to 43 years, compressive strength from 23 to 35 MPa and density from 1650 to 1820 kg/m3 have been reported (Carbonation of lightweightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦section,  ¶ 1). The depth of carbonation in these structures varied in regards to exposure conditions, density and strength, and was typically less than 10 mm. What effect moisture content, porosity and cement to water ratio have on the limits of carbonation, have been studied by researchers. For example, Swenson and Sereda, prominent researchers found that the moisture content in lightweight concrete, whether high or low, was not favorable to rapid carbonation. Swamy and Jiang found that carbonation was higher for concrete with higher total porosity at a given water to cement ratio. Bilodeau et al. attributed the low carbonation in high strength LWC to low water to cement ratio (Lo, Tang Nadeem, 2008, Carbonation of lightweightà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦section,  ¶ 2). Finally, Gunduz and Ugur analysed the carbonation of pumice aggregate lightweight concrete and expressed the carbonation was lessened when the aggregate to cement ratio of lowered. Volcanic Pumice This one is way over my head need to add a little from 8-next page 80 in raw research Pumice, a natural material, comes from volcanos when gases are released and the lava solidifies. Khandaker M. A. Hossain, Associate Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada and Mohamed Lachemi (2007), a Canada Research Chair in Sustainable Construction and a Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at Ryerson University, both ACI members, assert in the journal publication, Mixture Design, Strength, Durability, and Fire Resistance of Lightweight Pumice Concrete, world pumice production was 14.4 million metric tones Mt in 2004. Globally, Italy remains the dominant producer of pumice, with production estimated to be 4.6 Mt per year ( ¶ 3). Pumice is mainly used an an aggregate in lightweight building block and other building products. Volcanic pumice (VP) has been utlizied as an aggregate in producing lightweight concrete. Pumice has been used for builing over 2000 years, especially in Rome and Europe where many pumice structures are still standing to this day. Lightweight concrete made with pumice and pozzolanic cement with volcanic ash/lime (developed in Mexico by the Totonacas) has survived more than 2000 years and provides an example of a low strength concrete and very long-term performance (Hossain Lachemi, 2007,  ¶ 4). Using pumice and perlite as additives has been found to supply increased resistance to the freezing and thawing of concrete, cement pastes and mortar.

Looking for Answers in Looking for Richard Essay -- Looking for Richar

Looking for Answers in Looking for Richard  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Al Pacino's "Looking for Richard" is an unusual film. It is a documentary about the complexities of Shakespeare, the performing of the play Richard III, and the ignorance of the average American regarding Shakespeare. The unusual nature of the film - it's similar to a filmed Cliff-notes version of the text - provokes wildly different reactions from film buffs, critics, and Shakespeare purists. A perusal of five different reviews of the film show such variant descriptors that range from Mary Brennan's comment that the documentary is "decidedly narcissistic" to Edwin Jahiel's comment that the film is an "original, mesmerizing exploration." The rather wide incongruity between the reviews leads to an interesting juxtaposition of its critiques, as we examine the reasons "Looking for Richard" incites such strong responses from its proponents and detractors. A summarized look at each of the reviews reveals the wide range among the criticisms. The first review, by Mary Brennan and posted on the Film.Com web site, is generally positive, despite the aforementioned quotation that the documentary is "decidedly narcissistic." Brennan found herself enjoying the film despite herself, enjoying the "extraordinarily riveting" way the film dissected Shakespeare. However, every endorsement of the film is subsequently balanced by a disparaging remark about it. Brennan calls some of the rehearsals "thoroughly entertaining," then says that the endless scenes of Pacino "mugging into the camera... rapidly lose their charm." Still, she seems to enjoy the film despite its perceived weaknesses. Al Pacino's posturing is "exasperating but likable," and the whole package is enjoyable. Brennan seems to... ...r those like me, however, who enjoy Shakespeare but perhaps do not grasp it as well as we hope to on the first couple of readings, it worked ideally. Works Cited Brennan, Mary. Film.com. Internet. On Line. 1996. URL: http://www.film.com/reviews/index.jhtml?review_url=/film-review/1996/9006/15/default-review.html Dre. Girls on Film. Internet. On-line. 1996. URL: http://www.girlson.com/film/navigation/index.html Jahiel, Edwin. Rec.arts.movies.review. Internet. On-line. 1996. URL: http://reviews.imdb.com/Reviews/65/6541 Renshaw, Scott. Rec.arts.movies.review. Internet. On-line. 1996. URL: http://reviews.imdb.com/Reviews/61/6195 Schwartzbaum, Lisa. "Great Shakes." Entertainment Weekly. 1 November 1996. http://www.ew.com Zimmer, A. Syracuse Times Online. Internet. On-line. 1996. URL: http://newtimes.rway.com/films/richard.htm      

Proposal for Quality of Work Life Essay

INTRODUCTION Human resources play a very important role in success of an organization and thus, management of human resource assumes importance. Many aspects affect the management of human resources. One such aspect is Quality of Work Life (QWL). It is a philosophy, a set of principles, which holds that people are the most important resource in the organization as they are trustworthy, responsible and capable of making valuable contribution and they should be treated with dignity and respect . The elements that are relevant to an individual’s quality of work life include the task, the physical work environment, social environment within the organization, Administrative system and relationship between life on and off the job. QWL consists of Opportunities for active involvement in group working arrangements or problem solving that are of mutual benefit to employees or employers, based on labor management cooperation. People also conceive of QWL as a set of methods, such as autonomous work groups, job enrichment, and high involvement aimed at boosting the satisfaction and productivity of workers. It requires employee commitment to the organization and an environment in which this commitment can flourish. Thus, QWL is a comprehensive construct that includes an individual’s job related wellbeing and the extent to which work experiences are rewarding, fulfilling and devoid of stress and other negative personal consequences. According to Gadon (1984), QWL programs have two objectives: (a) to enhance productivity and (b) to increase the satisfaction of employees. Thus QWL provides healthier, satisfied and productive employees, which in turn provides efficient and profitable organization. Quality of work life (QWL) is viewed as an alternative to the control approach of managing people. The QWL approach considers people as an ‘asset’ to the organization rather than as ‘costs’. It believes that people perform better when they are allowed to participate in managing their work and make decisions. This approach motivates people by satisfying not only their economic needs but also their social and psychological ones. To satisfy the new generation workforce, organizations need to Concentrate on job designs and organization  of work. Further, today’s workforce is realizing the Importance of relationships and is trying to strike a balance between career and personal lives. Successful organizations support and provide facilities to their people to help them to balance the scales. In this process, organizations are coming up with new and innovative ideas to improve the quality of work and quality of work life of every individual in the organization. Various programs like flex time, alternative work schedules, compressed work weeks, telecommuting etc., are being adopted by these organizations. Technological advances further help organizations to implement these programs successfully. Organizations are enjoying the fruits of implementing QWL programs in the form of increased productivity, and an efficient, satisfied, and committed workforce which aims to achieve organizational objectives. The future work world will also have more women entrepreneurs and they will encourage and adopt QWL programs. Whilst there has, for many years, been much research into job satisfaction (1), and, more recently, an interest has arisen into the broader concepts of stress and subjective well-being (2), the precise nature of the relationship between these concepts has still been little explored. Stress at work is often considered in isolation, wherein it is assessed on the basis that attention to an individual’s stress management skills or the sources of stress will prove to provide a good enough basis for effective intervention. Alternatively, job satisfaction may be assessed, so that action can be taken which will enhance an individual’s performance. Somewhere in all this, there is often an awareness of the greater context, whereupon the home-work context is considered, for example, and other factors, such as an individual’s personal characteristics, and the broader economic or cultural climate, might be seen as relevant. In this context, subjective well-being is seen as drawing upon both work and non-work aspects of life. However, more complex models of an individual’s experience in the workplace often appear to be set aside in an Endeavour to simplify the process of trying to measuring â€Å"stress† or some similarly apparently discrete entity. It may be, however, that the consideration of the bigger, more complex picture is essential, if targeted, effective action is to be taken to address quality of working life or any of it’s sub-components in such a way as to produce  real benefits, be they for the individual or the organization. Whilst Quality of Life has been more widely studied (4), Quality of working life, remains relatively unexplored and unexplained. A review of the literature reveals relatively little on quality of working life. Where quality of working life has been explored, writers differ in their views on its’ core constituents. It is argued that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts as regards Quality of working Life, and, therefore, the failure to attend to the bigger picture may lead to the failure of interventions which tackle only one aspect. A clearer understanding of the inter-relationship of the various facets of quality of working life offers the opportunity for improved analysis of cause and effect in the workplace†¦.This consideration of Quality of working Life as the greater context for various factors in the workplace, such as job satisfaction and stress, may offer opportunity for more cost-effective interventions in the workplace. The effective targeting of stress reduction, for example, may otherwise prove a hopeless task for employers pressured to take action to meet governmental requirements. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY GENERAL OBJECTIVES * To study the level of satisfaction of employees towards the quality of work life. * To study the importance given by the organization to quality of work life * To study suitable measures to improve the quality of work life. * To identify the major areas of dissatisfaction if any, and provide valuable suggestions Improving the employee’s satisfaction in those areas. * To study the role and importance of good quality of work life of employees in an organization SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: * To study the present and overall quality of work life in the  organization. * To understand the relationship between QWL and employee satisfaction. * To study quality of work life contributed for employees personal and professional development STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The major factor which has influenced the increasing importance of provision of quality of work life is employees themselves. Workers are changing. They have become more educated and independent. Close attention to QWL provides a more humanized work environment. Hence it is very essential that every organization ensure that their employees have a positive quality of work life. Quality of Work Life in an organization is essential for the smooth running and success of its employees. The quality of work life must be maintained effectively to ensure that all employees are running at their peak potential and free from stress and strain. The Quality of Work Life can affect such things as employees ‘timings, his or her work output, his or her available leaves, etc. Quality of Work Life helps the employees to feel secure and like they are being thought of and cared for by the organization in which they work. An organization‘s HR department assumes responsibility for the effective running of the Quality of Work Life for their employees. This being the real fact and since there was absenteeism and lack of job satisfaction among the workers in an organization, the researcher has made an attempt in this regard and has undertaken the current study to analyze the Quality of Work Life in this organization and to offer suitable suggestions for the organization to take necessary steps to improve the Quality of Work Life among its Workers. NEED OF THE STUDY There is a much about the quality every aspect viz. quality product, quality of material and inp uts there in, quality of packing, quality of product development and quality of service. The quality of work life and quality of life, which is pivotal aspects in everyone’s work life. This also brings employee satisfaction You can obtain man’s physical presence at a given place, and a measured number of skilled muscular motions per hour or day. But the enthusiasm, initiative, joy, loyalty, you can’t obtain by devotion  of hearts, mind and souls. Apart from this if the employee is provided with other extrinsic and intrinsic benefits then this will lead for high productivity and results in employee satisfaction too. To introduce the hard practices in to the organization it is the important to have encouraging atmosphere. QWL is one of the most important factors, which leads to such favorable atmosphere. It produces more humanized jobs. It attempts to serve the higher order needs of employees are human resources that are to be developed rather than simply used QWL leads to an atmosphere that encourages than to improve their skill. It also leads to have good interpersonal relations and highly motivated employees who strive for their development. QWL will ensure enthusiasm work environment with opportunities for every one to give is best. Such job will provide job satisfaction and pride to the company. DEFINITIONS CONCEPTUAL DEFINITION * According to R.E.WALTON(1973) â€Å"Quality of work life is a process by which an organization responds to the employees needs for developing mechanisms to allow them to share fully in making the decisions the design their lives at work† * According to THOMAS S. BATEMAN AND SCOTTA.SNELL(2003) â€Å"Quality of work life refers to programmes designed to create a workplace that enhances employee well-being† OPERATIONAL DEFINITION * â€Å"Quality of work life defined as the level of employee’s satisfaction or dissatisfaction on   Working conditions at the work place† * â€Å"Quality of work life can be define as â€Å"The quality of relationship between employees and the total working environment† RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive research design – This is used â€Å"to describe systematically the facts and Characteristics of a given population or area of interest, factually and accurately† One of the main benefits of descriptive research is that fact that it uses both quantitative And qualitative data in order to find the solution to whatever is being studied. This in turn can help to describe and give an answer to certain life experiences. For example, when carrying out a case study descriptive research allows various sources to be Considered such as personal accounts. With this in mind, it enables a wider view of an issue As opposed to strict numbers and figures which can only account on facts rather than Experiences. UNIVERSE For the purpose of this study the employees may belong to any manufacturing company in Chennai. SAMPLE SIZE In this study the sample size is 50 SAMPLING METHOD Non Probability Sampling: Non Probability sampling refers to methods of selecting individuals to include in a study where some elements of the population have no chance of selection, or where the probability of selection can’t be accurately determined. Non Probability sampling methods include accidental sampling, quota sampling and purposive sampling. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE PURPOSIVE SAMPLING. Purposive sampling starts with a purpose in mind and the sample is thus selected to include people of interest and exclude those who do not suit the purpose. This method is popular with newspapers and magazines which want to make a particular point. This is also true for marketing researchers who are seeking support for their product. They typically start with people in the street, first approaching only ‘likely suspects’ and then starting with questions that reject people who do not suit. The universe is very large and the sample size is relatively small (50). The samples to be taken  Purposively from manufacturing sector. Purposive sampling technique facilitates data collection on the basis of availability of the samples and convenience of the researcher. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION Essentially two types PRIMARY DATA AND SECONDARY DATA Primary data are those which are collected for the first time and are original in character. Data which are originally collected by the investigators are called primary data while the secondary data are collected through some other sources. For example, information collected by an investigator from a. student regarding his class, caste, family background, etc., is called primary data. On the other hand, if the same information collected about the student from the school record and register, then it is called secondary data. TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION The tool to be used to collect data here is the interview schedule. INTERVIEW SCHEDULE An interview schedule is a list of questions to ask the interviewee. It should start with more open questions. An interview schedule is prepared to effectively find out useful and accurate information. CONCLUSION This research proposal serves a small outline about the future project on the topic Quality of work life. This is the current emerging problem that most of the sectors Are working towards to improve it.

Geological Survey On Geologic Hazards - 1345 Words

At the conclusion of his letter dated December 7, 2015. Mr. Jonathan Lovekin, the Senior Engineering Geologist for the Colorado Geological Survey stated that the geologic hazards at this site are challenging and have not been fully evaluated or addressed at that time. However, he did conclude by saying â€Å"we agree that they can be mitigated to allow the proposed residential use and density.† In February, Rickie Davies, Senior Planner in the Engineering Department commented in an email to you that Eagle County Land Use Regulation Section 4-420.D.1 - Development in Areas Subject to Geologic Hazards states, Review of development that is subject to the provisions of this Section 4-420, and shall require referral of the application to the†¦show more content†¦The topographic model used in the rockfall analysis must incorporate any planned cuts at the building sites.† Subsequent to this comment, the applicant did request HP Kumar (HP Geotech) conduct a rockfall analysis of the current conditions of the property to determine possible issues for the lower three lots. (A copy of the report was provided to the County previously and it is attached to this letter for reference.) While the assessment cannot take into account final site conditions for lots 4 and 5, which will not be determined until there is a specific construction plan for each lot, it does show that reasonable mitigation is possible under the current conditions. HP Kumar/Golder Associates Findings: a. It is possible for rocks embedded in the slope to dislodge and begin rolling, but this is unlikely without significant disturbance of the ground surface. Boulders that are lying on the ground surface, such as those observed just below Cedar Drive, could be disturbed by various causes and begin rolling. Rockfall initiating from these areas was considered in our analysis as the most likely source. A detailed inventory of available source rocks was not conducted but we observed several rounded and sub-rounded basalt and sandstone bouldersShow MoreRelatedMount Baker in Bellingham, Washington Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pages140 miles between Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, Canada. 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In addition to the tsunami, the earthquake had many other geological consequences including aftershocks, terrestrial and submarine land-sliding, elevation changes, and a gravity shift. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the earthquake, its consequences, the resulting damages, and mitigation. 2. Geologic Setting Figure 1: Profile of area around the epicenter (Moscoso, et.al., 2011) The site of the main event lies ~